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Hygrophorus eburneus
''Hygrophorus eburneus'', commonly known as the ivory waxy cap or the cowboy's handkerchief, is a species of edible mushroom in the waxgill family of fungi. It is widespread in Europe and North America, and has also been collected in northern Africa. The fruit bodies are medium-sized, pure white, and when wet are covered in a layer of slime thick enough to make the mushroom difficult to pick up. The gills are broadly attached to the stem or running down it; as the family name suggests, they feel waxy when rubbed between the fingers. Like all ''Hygrophorus'' species, the fungus is mycorrhizal—a symbiotic association whereby the underground fungal mycelia penetrate and exchange nutrients with tree roots. They are common in a variety of forest types, where they grow on the ground in thickets or grassy areas. ''Hygrophorus eburneus'' is the type species of the genus ''Hygrophorus''. A number of biologically active chemicals have been purified from the fruit bodies of the fungus, including fatty acids with bactericidal and fungicidal activity.
==Taxonomy==
The species was first named as ''Agaricus eburneus'' by French botanist Jean Bulliard in 1783.〔 Elias Fries divided the large genus ''Agaricus'' into a number of "tribes" (taxonomically equivalent to modern sections) in his ''Systema Mycologicum I'', and classified ''A. eburneus'' in the tribe ''Limacium''.〔 When In 1836, Fries first defined the genus ''Hygrophorus'' in his ''Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici'', ''H. eburneus'' was included.〔 The fungus has also been named ''Limacium eburneum'' by Paul Kummer in 1871,〔 when he raised the tribes of Fries to the rank of genus, and ''Gymnopus eburneus'' by Samuel Frederick Gray in 1821.〔 ''H. eburneus'' is the type species of the genus ''Hygrophorus'', and is classified in the section ''Hygrophorus'', subsection ''Hygrophorus''. This includes species with non-amyloid, smooth spores, and divergent hyphae in the tissue of the hymenium. Other species in this subsection include ''H. eburneiformis'', ''H. coccus'', ''H. ponderatus'', ''H. chrysaspis'', and ''H. glutinosus''.〔Hesler and Smith, 1963, p. 248.〕
The mushroom is commonly known as the "ivory waxy cap",〔 the "white waxy cap",〔 or the "cowboy's handkerchief".〔 The specific epithet ''eburneus'' is a Latin adjective meaning "of ivory".〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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